Email this article Agresivitas Pajak dan Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility: Komposisi Direksi Sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Abstract
This research aims to understand the impact of tax aggressiveness on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) and to test the board of director as a moderating variable that can enhance the influence of tax aggressiveness on CSRD. The study utilizes 462 annual reports of companies from the period 2021–2023 listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange as a sample for moderated regression analysis (MRA) using STATA software. The findings indicate how tax aggressiveness affects CSRD as determined by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). In other words, the higher the tax aggressiveness, the more companies can reduce CSRD. The research also demonstrates that board of director as a moderating variable empirically enhances the influence of tax aggressiveness on CSRD. This study underscores the importance of director board in the development of CSRD strategies and the corporate world's position. Therefore, promoting director board in corporate decision-making will assist governments and key policymakers worldwide in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdelfattah, T., & About, A. (2020). Tax avoidance, corporate governance, and corporate social responsibility: The case of the Egyptian capital market. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier,, Vol. 38. doi:10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2020.100304
Abdillah, P. (2022). The Role of Social Media and Social Influence on Firm Performance: Case Study of Financial Industry in Indonesia. Bismar: Business Management Research, Vol. 1, No. 2.
Abdillah, P., & Mennita, R. (2022). Pengungkapan Pertanggungjawaban Sosial Perusahaan (CSRD) dan Pengaruh Sosial terhadap Kinerja Keuangan: Perusahaan Sektor Teknologi di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, Vol. 1, No. 2. doi:https://doi.org/10.55123/sosmaniora.v1i2.545
Abdillah, P., Saraswati, E., & Purwanti, L. (2020). Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) on Financial Performance and Role of Media as Moderation Variables. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7 (4). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i4
Adams, R., & Ferreira, D. (2009). Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance. Journal of Financial Economics, 94 (2). Diambil kembali dari http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304-405X(09)00142-1
Adams, R., & Funk, P. (2012). Beyond the Glass Ceiling: Does Gender Matter? Special Issue on Behavioral Economics and Finance, Vol. 58 (2), pp. 219-235 (17 pages). doi:https://www.jstor.org/stable/41406385
Ahmadi, A., Nakaa, N., & Bouri, A. (2018). Chief Executive Officer Attributes, Board Structures, Gender Diversity and Firm Performance among French CAC 40 Listed Firms. Research in International Business and Finance, Vol. 44, Pages 218-226. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.07.083
Ahmadi, R. M. (2018). The Use of Technology in English Language Learning: A Literature Review. International Journal of Research in English Education. International Journal of Research in English Education, Vol. 3, 115-125. doi:https://doi.org/10.29252/ijree.3.2.115
Ambarsari, D., Pratomo, D., & Kurnia. (2018). Pengaruh Ukuran Dewan Komisaris, Gender Diversity pada Dewan, dan Kualitas Auditor Eksternal terhadap Agresivitas Pajak (Studi pada Perusahaan Sektor Property dan Real Estate yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2013-2017). Jurnal ASET (Akuntansi Riset), Vol 10, No 2. doi:https://doi.org/10.17509/jaset.v10i2.14991
Amidu, M., Kwakye, T. O., Harvey, S. K., & Yorke, S. M. (2016). Do firms manage earnings and avoid tax for corporate social responsibility? Journal of Accounting and Taxation, Vol. 8(2): 11-27. doi:10.5897/JAT2016.0218
Amorelli, M.-F., & García-Sánchez, I.-M. (2019). Critical mass of female directors, human capital, and stakeholder engagement by corporate social reporting. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, Volume 27, Issue 1, p. 204-221. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1793
Amujo, O. C., Laninhun, B. A., Otubanjo, O., & Ajala, V. O. (2012). Impact of Corporate Social Irresponsibility on the Corporate Image and Reputation of Multinational Oil Corporations in Nigeria. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Vol. 9. doi:10.1108/S2043-9059(2012)0000004020
Ardillah, K., & C, P. (2021). Executive Compensation, Executive Character, Audit Committee, and Audit Quality on Tax Avoidance. AKUNTABILITAS: Jurnal Ilmu Akuntansi, Vol 14 No 2. doi:https://doi.org/10.15408/akt.v14i2.22114
Arturo, G., Mariel, L., & Sang-Ho, L. (2018). Social responsibility in a bilateral monopoly with R&D. Economics Bulletin, Vol. 38 No. 3, pp. 1467-1475.
Baker, K. H., Pandey, N., Kumar, S., & Haldar, A. (2020). A bibliometric analysis of board diversity: Current status, development, and future research directions. Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, Vol. 108(C), pages 232-246. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.025
Bauweraerts, J., Vandernoot, J., & Buchet, A. (2019). Family Firm Heterogeneity and Tax Aggressiveness: A Mixed Gamble Approach. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, Volume 37, Issue 2, p. 149-163. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cjas.1528
Bernardi, C., & Stark, A. W. (2018). Environmental, Social and Governance Disclosure, Integrated Reporting, and The Accuracy of Analyst Forecasts. The British Accounting Review, Volume 50, Issue 1, Pages 16-31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2016.10.001
Bocquet, R., Bas, C. L., Mothe, C., & Poussing, N. (2017). CSR, Innovation, and Firm Performance in Sluggish Growth Contexts: A Firm-Level Empirical Analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, Vol. 146(1), pages 241-254. doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2959-8
Bradshaw, M., Liao, G., & Ma, M. S. (2019). Agency costs and tax planning when the government is a major shareholder. Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 67(2-3), 255–277. doi:10.1016/j.jacceco.2018.10.002
Brammer, S., Millington, A., & Pavelin, S. (2009). Corporate Reputation and Women on the Board. British Journal of Management, Vol. 20, Issue 1, p. 17-29. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2008.00600.x
Buallay, A. (2019). Is Sustainability Reporting (ESG) Associated with Performance? Evidence from The European Banking Sector. Management of Environmental Quality, Vol. 30, Issues 1.
Cabeza-García, L., Brio, E., & Oscanoa-Victorio, M. (2018). Gender Factors and Inclusive Economic Growth: The Silent Revolution. Sustainability, Vol. 10(1), 121. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010121
Campbell, K., & Vera, A. (2010). Female Board Appointments and Firm Valuation: Short and Long-term Effect. Journal of Management and Governance, Vol. 14(1):37-59. doi:10.1007/s10997-009-9092-y
Chen, Y.-C., Hung, M., & Wang, Y. (2018). The Effect of Mandatory CSR Disclosure on Firm Profitability and Social Externalities: Evidence from China. Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, Vol. 65(1), pages 169-190. doi:10.1016/j.jacceco.2017.11.009
Choi, J.-S., Kwak, Y.-M., & Choe, C. (2010). Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Financial Performance: Evidence from Korea. Australian Journal of Management, Volume 35, Issue 3. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0312896210384681
Col, B., & Patel, S. (2019). Going to Haven? Corporate Social Responsibility and Tax Avoidance. Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 154, pages1033–1050. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3393-2
Conyon, M. J., & He, L. (2017). Firm Performance and Boardroom Gender Diversity: A Quantile Regression Approach. Journal of Business Research, Volume 79, Pages 198-211. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.02.006
Cook, A., & Glass, C. (2015). Diversity begets diversity? The effects of board composition on the appointment and success of women CEOs. Soc Sci Res, 137-47. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.05.009
Davis, A. K., Guenther, D. A., & Williams, B. M. (2016). Do Socially Responsible Firms Pay More Taxes? Accounting Review, Vol. 91(1), 47–68. doi:https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-51224
Davis, A., Guenther, D., Krull, L., & Williams, B. M. (2015). Do Socially Responsible Firms Pay More Taxes? The Accounting Review, Vol. 91(1):150716140759007. doi:10.2308/accr-51224
Deegan, C. (2006). The Legitimising Effect of Social and Environmental Disclosures. Accounting Auditing & Accountability Journal, 15(3):282-311.
Dezsö, C., & Ross, D. (2012). Does female representation in top management improve firm performance? A panel data investigation. Strategic Management Journal, Volume 33, Issue 9 p. 1072-1089. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.1955
Dyreng, S. D., Hanlon, M., & Maydew, E. (2008). Long-Run Corporate Tax Avoidance. The Accounting Review, Vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 61-82. Diambil kembali dari http://www.jstor.org/stable/30243511
Fernando, G. D., Jain, S. S., & Tripathy, A. (2020). This Cloud has a Silver Lining: Gender Diversity, Managerial Ability, and Firm Performance. Journal of Business Research, Volume 117, Pages 484-496. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.042
Flamini, G., Vola, P., Songini, L., & Gnan, L. (2021). The Determinants of Tax Aggressiveness in Family Firms: An Investigation of Italian Private Family Firms. Sustainability, Vol. 13(14):7654. doi:10.3390/su13147654
Frank, M. M., Lynch, L., & Rego, S. (2009). Tax Reporting Aggressiveness and Its Relation to Aggressive Financial Reporting. The Accounting Review, Vol. 84, No. 2, pp. 467-496. Diambil kembali dari https://www.jstor.org/stable/27802660
Garriga, E., & Melé , D. (2004). Corporate Social Responsibility Theories: Mapping the Territory. Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 53, pages 51–71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BUSI.0000039399.90587.34
Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program SPSS. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Gorton, G. B., & Zentefis, A. K. (2020). Corporate Culture As A Theory of The Firm. National Bureau of Economic Research, 27353. doi:10.3386/w27353
Graham, J. R., Hanlon, M., Shevlin, T., & Shroff, N. (2014). Incentives for Tax Planning and Avoidance: Evidence from the Field. The Accounting Review, Vol. 89 (3): 991–1023. doi:https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-50678
Guenther, D. A. (2014). Measuring Corporate Tax Avoidance: Effective Tax Rates and Book-Tax Differences. S&P Global Market Intelligence. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2478952
Hajawiyah, A., Kiswanto, Suryarini, T., Yanto, H., & Harjanto, A. P. (2022). The Bidirectional Relationship of Tax Aggressiveness and CSR: Evidence from Indonesia. Accounting, Corporate Governance, & Business Ethnics, Vol. 9, Issue 1. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2090207
Hakimi, A., Boussaada, R., & Karmani , M. (2023). Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Performance: A Threshold Analysis of European Firms. European Journal of Management and Business Economics. doi:10.1108/EJMBE-07-2022-0224
Hamrouni, A., Boussaada, R., & Toumi, N. B. (2019). Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Debt Financing. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, Vol. 20 (3). doi:10.1108/JAAR-01-2018-0020
Haque, F., & Jones, M. J. (2020). European firms’ corporate biodiversity disclosures and board gender diversity from 2002 to 2016. The British Accounting Review, Volume 52, Issue 2. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2020.100893
Heminway, J. (2007). Sex, Trust, and Corporate Boards. Hastings Women's L.J, 173.
Hoang, T. C., Abeysekera, I., & Ma,. (2017). The Effect of Board Diversity on Earnings Quality: An empirical study of listed firms in Vietnam. Australian Accounting Review, Vol. 27(2), 146–163.
Huang, J., & Kisgen, D. J. (2013). Gender and corporate finance: Are male executives overconfident relative to female executives? Journal of Financial Economics, Volume 108, Issue 3, Pages 822-839. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2012.12.005
Kastlunger, B., Dressler, S., Kirchler, E., Mittone, L., & Voracek, M. (2010). Sex differences in tax compliance: Differentiating between demographic sex, gender-role orientation, and prenatal masculinization (2D:4D). Journal of Economic Psychology, Volume 31, Issue 4, Pages 542-552. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2010.03.015
Khan, M.‐U.‐Z. (2010). The effect of corporate governance elements on corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting: Empirical evidence from private commercial banks of Bangladesh. International Journal of Law and Management, Vol. 52 No. 2, pp. 82-109. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/17542431011029406
Khaoula, A., & Ali , Z. M. (2012). Demographic Diversity in the Board and Corporate Tax. Business Management and Strategy, Vol. 3, No. 1.
Kılıç, M., & Cemil , K. (2016). The Effect of Board Gender Diversity on Firm Performance: Evidence from Turkey. Gender in Management, Volume 31 Issue 7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-10-2015-0088
Kinasih, D. D., Nurmasari, N. D., & Prayogi, J. (2024). Impact of Board Gender Diversity and Derivatives Use onFirm Risk. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy Ventura, Vol. 26, No. 3. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v26i2.2909
Konrad, E. (2000). Implicit leadership theories in Eastern and Western Europe. Social Science Information, Vol. 39(2):335-347. doi:10.1177/053901800039002010
Köse, A. (2016). The Relationship between Work Engagement Behavior and Perceived Organizational Support and Organizational Climate. Journal of Education and Practice, Vol. 7, No 27.
Kristadi, F., Kurniawati, E. P., & Naufa, A. M. (2020). Corporate Social Responsibility and Tax Aggressiveness: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Management (Jurnal Manajemen Teori dan Terapan, JMTT), Vol. 13 No. 2. doi:https://doi.org/10.20473/jmtt.v13i2.21211
Lam, M. (2018). Female Representation in the Traditional Music Classroom. Journal of General Music Education, Volume 32, Issue 1. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10483713187931
Lanis, R., & Richardson, G. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and tax aggressiveness: An empirical analysis. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Volume 31, Issue 1, Pages 86-108. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2011.10.006
Lanis, R., & Richardson, G. (2017). Outside Directors, Corporate Social Responsibility Performance, and Corporate Tax Aggressiveness: An Empirical Analysis. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, Volume 33, Issue 2. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0148558X16654834
Lefort, F., & Gonzalez, R. (2008). Hacia un Mejor gobierno Corporativo en Chile. Abante, Vol. 11, issue 1, 19-45.
Likitapiwat, T., Treepongkaruna, S., Pornsit, J., & Uyar, A. (2022). Corporate Culture, Innovation, and Female Board Representation: Evidence from Earnings Conference Calls. The Quarterly Journal of Finance, Vol. 12, No. 04, 2250012. doi:https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010139222500124
Lindawati, A. S., & Puspita, M. E. (2020). Corporate Social Responsibility: Implikasi Stakeholder dan Legitimacy Gap dalam Peningkatan Kinerja Perusahaan. Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigm, Vol 6, No 1. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.18202/jamal.2015.04.6013
Low, D. C., Roberts, H., & Whiting, R. H. (2015). Board gender diversity and firm performance: Empirical evidence from Hong Kong, South Korea, Malaysia and Singapore. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Vol. 35. doi:10.1016/j.pacfin.2015.02.008
Marinova, J., Plantenga, J., & Remery, C. (2015). Gender Diversity and Firm Performance: Evidence from Dutch and Danish Boardrooms. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Volume 27, Issue 15. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1079229
Marquis, C., & Lee, M. (2012). Who is governing whom? Executives, governance, and the structure of generosity in large U.S. firms. Strategic Management Journal, Volume 34, Issue 4 p. 483-497. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2028
Martínez-Ferrero, J., Sánchez, I. M., & Cuadrado-Ballesteros, B. (2015). Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Sustainability Information Disclosure. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, Vol. 22(1):45-64. doi:10.1002/csr.1330
Michelon, G., & Parbonetti, A. (2012). Pengaruh tata kelola perusahaan terhadap pengungkapan keberlanjutan. Journal of Management & Governance, Vol. 16 , 477–509. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-010-9160-3
Miniaoui, Z., Chibani, F., & Hussainey, K. (2022). Corporate Governance and CSR Disclosure: International Evidence for the Period 2006–2016. Jornal Risk Financial Managament, Vol. 15, Issue 9. doi:10.3390/jrfm15090398
Nadeem, M., Zaman, R., & Saleem, I. (2017). Boardroom Gender Diversity and Corporate Sustainability Practices: Evidence from Australian Securities Exchange Listed Firms. Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 149(1), 874-885. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.141
Oaklay, J. G. (2000). Gender-based Barriers to Senior Management Positions: Understanding the Scarcity of Female CEOs. Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 27(4). doi:10.1023/A:1006226129868
Pandey, R., & Diaz, J. F. (2019). Factors Affecting Return on Assets of US Technology and Financial Corporations. JMK (Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan), Vol. 21, NO. 2, 134–144. doi:10.9744/jmk.21.2.134–144
Petruzzelli , A., & Ardito, L. (2019). Firm Size and Sustainable Innovation Management. Sustainability, Vol. 11 (21). doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su11216072
Rahmat, R. A., & Kustiawan, M. (2020). Corporate Social Responsibility, Size, and Tax Aggressiveness: An Empirical Analysis. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, Proceedings of the 3rd Global Conference On Business, Management, and Entrepreneurship (GCBME 2018). doi:10.2991/aebmr.k.200131.021
Rastad, M., & Dobson, J. (2020). Gender diversity on corporate boards: Evaluating the effectiveness of shareholder activism. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2020.09.007
Rao, K., & Tilt, C. (2016). Board Composition and Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role of Diversity, Gender, Strategy and Decision Making. Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 138, 327–347. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2613-5
Reguera-Alvarado, N., Fuentes, P. d., & Laffarga , J. (2017). Does Board Gender Diversity Influence Financial Performance? Evidence from Spain. Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 141, Pages 337–350. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2735-9
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2013). Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach. New York: Wiley.
Şener, İ., & Karaye, A. B. (2014). Board Composition and Gender Diversity: Comparison of Turkish and Nigerian Listed Companies. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 150, 1002–1011. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.112
Singh, A. S., Murder, C., Twisk, J. W., Mechelen, W. V., & Chinapaw, M. J. (2008). Tracking of childhood overweight into adulthood: a systematic review of the literature. Pub. Med., Vol. (5): 474-88. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2008.00475.x
Terjesen, S., Aguilera, R. V., & Lorenz, R. (2014). Legislating a Woman’s Seat on the Board: Institutional Factors Driving Gender Quotas for Boards of Directors. Journal of Business Ethics. doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2083-1
Turker, D. (2009). Measuring Corporate Social Responsibility: A Scale Development Study. Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 85, 411-427. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9780-6
Upadhyay, A., & Zeng, H. (2014). Gender and ethnic diversity on boards and corporate information environment. Journal of Business Research, Vol. 67(11), 2456–2463.
Vacca, A., Lazzi, A., Vrontis, D., & Fait, M. (2020). The Role of Gender Diversity on Tax Aggressiveness and Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from Italian Listed Companies. Sustainability, Volume 12, Issue 5 . doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su12052007
Whait, R. B., Christ, K. L., Ortas, E., & Burrit, R. L. (2018). What Do We Know about Tax Aggressiveness and Corporate Social Responsibility? An Integrative Review. Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 204, Pages 542-552. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.334
Yadav, I. S., Pahi, D., & Gangakhedkar, R. (2021). The nexus between firm size, growth and profitability: new panel data evidence from Asia–Pacific markets. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, Volume 31 Issue 1. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-03-2021-0077
Yilmaz, M. K., Hacioglu, U., Tatoglu, E., Aksoy, M., & Duran, S. (2023). Measuring the impact of board gender and cultural diversity on corporate governance and social performance: evidence from emerging markets. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, Vol. 36(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2106503
Zeng, T. (2011). Ownership Concentration, State Ownership, and Effective Tax Rates: Evidence from China’s Listed Firms. Accounting Perspectives, Vol. 9(4):271 - 289. doi:10.1111/j.1911-3838.2010.00014.x
Zeng, T. (2019). Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Tax Avoidance: International Evidence. Social Responsibility Journal, Vol. 15 No. 2, pp. 244-257. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-03-2018-0056
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jab.v24i2.1245
Jurnal Akuntansi dan Bisnis (JAB)
ISSN 1412-0852 (print), 2580-5444 (online)
Published by Accounting Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
JAB on http://jab.fe.uns.ac.id/index.php/jab is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License