Email this article Global Company Tax Strategies: Can Good Corporate Governance Practices Limit Tax Avoidance?
Abstract
Global companies, including those based in Indonesia, must implement international tax strategies to cut their tax bills. These strategies include establishing subsidiaries in countries with lower tax rates and engaging in aggressive transfer pricing. This study looks at how multinational companies' tax strategies impact tax avoidance, with corporate governance playing a moderating role. Corporate governance is assessed by whether the company has an independent board of commissioners and the quality of the external auditors. Our study focuses on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2021 to 2023. We used a quantitative approach based on panel data regression. The results show that multinationality and aggressive transfer pricing significantly and positively impact tax avoidance. However, having an independent board of commissioners reduces the connection between aggressive transfer pricing and tax avoidance. This reduction does not affect the link between multinationality and tax avoidance. The quality of audits does not weaken the relationship between multinationality and tax avoidance, or between aggressive transfer pricing and tax avoidance. This suggests that while auditors play a role in monitoring tax avoidance practices, they face limitations, especially when dealing with the complex strategies of multinational corporations.
Keywords: Good Corporate Governance, Multinationality, Transfer Pricing Aggressiveness, Tax Avoidance, International Tax Strategy
Perusahaan global, termasuk yang berada di Indonesia, perlu menerapkan strategi perpajakan internasional untuk memangkas tagihan pajaknya. Strategi ini dapat berupa pendirian anak perusahaan di negara-negara dengan tarif pajak yang lebih rendah dan mendorong penetapan harga transfer yang agresif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak strategi pajak perusahaan multinasional terhadap penghindaran pajak, dengan tata kelola perusahaan sebagai variabel moderasi. Tata kelola perusahaan difokuskan pada keberadaan dewan komisaris independen dan kualitas auditor eksternal. Populasi penelitian terdiri dari perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dari tahun 2021 hingga 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif melalui pendekatan regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa multinasionalitas dan penetapan harga transfer yang agresif secara signifikan dan positif memengaruhi penghindaran pajak. Dewan komisaris independen telah terbukti mengurangi hubungan antara penetapan harga transfer yang agresif dan penghindaran pajak. Namun, hal itu tidak melemahkan hubungan antara multinasionalitas dan penghindaran pajak. Kualitas audit tidak mengurangi hubungan antara multinasionalitas dan penghindaran pajak atau antara penetapan harga transfer yang agresif dan penghindaran pajak. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun auditor berperan dalam memantau praktik penghindaran pajak, mereka menghadapi keterbatasan, terutama saat menangani strategi rumit perusahaan multinasional.
Kata kunci: Good Corporate Governance, Multinationality, Harga Transfer yang Agresif, Penghindaran Pajak, Strategi Pajak Internasional
Keywords
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